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An emergency backpack, escape backpack or Bug Out Bag (BOB for short) is an essential preparation for unforeseen crises or disasters. Every backpack should be individually tailored to personal needs to ensure that you are optimally supplied in an emergency. The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) recommends that an emergency backpack should weigh 10–15% of your body weight to make it easier to carry in a crisis situation. It is important that each person packs their own backpack, as needs differ from person to person.
A bug-out bag should contain everything you need to survive in a crisis situation – this includes sufficient water and food, protection from cold and the elements as well as a way to sleep and stay warm.
Wasser ist das wichtigste Element für das Überleben. Ein Mensch kann in der Regel bis zu drei Wochen ohne Nahrung überleben, jedoch nur drei bis fünf Tage ohne Wasser. Daher ist es entscheidend, ausreichend Trinkwasser mitzuführen. Ideal sind mindestens 2 Liter Wasser pro Tag pro Person, um sowohl den Durst zu stillen als auch für die persönliche Hygiene oder zum Kochen. Es gibt verschiedene Möglichkeiten, Wasser zu gewinnen:
In Notsituationen kann es wichtig sein, Wasserquellen zu finden und diese mithilfe von Filtern oder Reinigungsmaßnahmen trinkbar zu machen.
Das Ziel ist es, genug Kalorien zu sich zu nehmen, um zu überleben. Bei der Auswahl der Lebensmittel für den Notfallrucksack solltest Du auf eine gute Nährstoffversorgung achten. Du kannst zwischen verschiedenen Lebensmittelarten wählen:
In addition to these prepackaged foods, it can also be beneficial to learn about edible plants in your region so you can procure food yourself in an emergency. However, foraging for food in nature is never guaranteed and depends on your knowledge, the season and your place of residence. The rule is: if you’re not sure, you should not eat plants or mushrooms from the wild.
Im Notfall ist der Schlaf genauso wichtig wie die richtige Ernährung und Wasserzufuhr. Es gibt verschiedene Möglichkeiten, sich in einer Notfallsituation warm und komfortabel zu halten:
Another important point: because you move less while sleeping, protection against hypothermia is especially important. On cold nights, it is crucial that you wrap up warmly. Fire can also help generate warmth to stabilize your body temperature and dry wet clothing.
The right clothing is crucial to protect yourself from the elements. Several layers of clothing (onion principle) are particularly advantageous, as they are suitable for all seasons. Depending on the weather, you can put on or take off layers. It is advisable to choose clothing with water-repellent and weatherproof properties that protect you from rain and wind.
Other important points:
Zum Feuer machen gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten: Feuerstarter, Magnesiumfeuerstarter, Streichhölzer, Feuerstahl und Sturmfeuerzeuge. Feuer hilft nicht nur, Dich warm zu halten, sondern auch bei der Zubereitung von Nahrung und beim Trocknen von Kleidung.
A well-equipped first-aid kit is indispensable, as hospitals and doctors are often not accessible in crisis situations. Injuries can quickly worsen, so it is important to treat minor wounds quickly and stop bleeding. Your first-aid kit should be easily accessible so that you can react immediately in an emergency. In addition, you should:
In a crisis situation, power outages are often likely, so alternative light sources and power sources are crucial. The following equipment can be important:
Hygiene items are also indispensable, as poor hygiene can lead to infections and disease. The most important hygiene items include:
Es ist ratsam, auch ein Handtuch und ein Klo-Set für den Notfall mitzuführen.
Ein gut durchdachtes Werkzeug-Set im Fluchtrucksack kann in einer Krisensituation den entscheidenden Unterschied machen. Es hilft Dir, Unterkünfte zu improvisieren, Nahrung zuzubereiten oder Ausrüstung zu reparieren. Folgende Werkzeuge sind besonders sinnvoll:
A well-equipped tool kit can help you solve unexpected problems and keep you independent for an indefinite period of time. Make sure your bug-out bag contains the right tools so you can remain capable of action in any situation.
Personal documents such as your passport, vaccination card and identity card are essential, but difficult to pack in advance because you need them in everyday life. However, it is important to pack these documents in a waterproof way in an emergency to prevent their destruction or loss.
You should also not be without sufficient cash. In crises and disasters, bank cards may not work and you may still need to make purchases. It’s advisable to stow coins and bills in your backpack so you’re prepared for all eventualities.
The contents of the emergency backpack should be tailored to your individual needs. Think about what is important to you and make sure the backpack does not become too heavy, as you need to stay mobile in a crisis situation. A packing list helps you keep track and regularly check what you have already packed and what still needs to be added, such as medication, documents or keys. Also remember to check the shelf life of food and medication regularly. If you pack your backpack correctly, you can optimally prepare for crises and disasters! Let’s go!
If you don’t want to put together your bug-out bag yourself, you’ll find three pre-assembled variants for optimal crisis preparedness in the ASMC shop and in the Themenwelten article Krisenvorsorge – Fluchtrucksack: the Fluchtrucksack Small – 3 days, Fluchtrucksack Medium – 7 days and the Fluchtrucksack Large – 10 days. These supply you with food and tools for the respective period and can be individually adapted to your needs with personal clothing and more. The ASMC bug-out bags come with a practical checklist.
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